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History of the Rangers: BEGINNING OF SARAWAK’S COMMUNIST INSURGENCY (1963-1973) By James Ritchie

 
The Courageous
Who Have Looked At
Death In The Eye
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No Atheists
In A Foxhole
“When you're left wounded on

Afganistan's plains and

the women come out to cut up what remains,

Just roll to your rifle

and blow out your brains,

And go to your God like a soldier”

“We are not retreating. We are advancing in another direction.”

“It is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it.”

“Old soldiers never die; they just fade away.

“The soldier, above all other people, prays for peace,

for he must suffer and be the deepest wounds and scars of war.”

“May God have mercy upon my enemies, because I won't .”
“The object of war is not to die for your country but to make the other bastard die for his.

“Nobody ever defended anything successfully, there is only attack and attack and attack some more.

“Fixed fortifications are a monument to the stupidity of man."
“It is foolish and wrong to mourn the men who died.
Rather we should thank God that such men lived.

The Soldier stood and faced God


Which must always come to pass

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He hoped his shoes were shining

Just as bright as his brass

"Step forward you Soldier,

How shall I deal with you?


Have you always turned the other cheek?


To My Church have you been true?"


"No, Lord, I guess I ain't


Because those of us who carry guns


Can't always be a saint."

I've had to work on Sundays

And at times my talk was tough,

And sometimes I've been violent,

Because the world is awfully rough.

But, I never took a penny

That wasn't mine to keep.

Though I worked a lot of overtime

When the bills got just too steep,

The Soldier squared his shoulders and said

And I never passed a cry for help

Though at times I shook with fear,

And sometimes, God forgive me,

I've wept unmanly tears.

I know I don't deserve a place

Among the people here.

They never wanted me around


Except to calm their fears.


If you've a place for me here,


Lord, It needn't be so grand,


I never expected or had too much,


But if you don't, I'll understand."

There was silence all around the throne

Where the saints had often trod

As the Soldier waited quietly,

For the judgment of his God.

"Step forward now, you Soldier,

You've borne your burden well.

Walk peacefully on Heaven's streets,

You've done your time in Hell."

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BEGINNING OF SARAWAK’S COMMUNIST INSURGENCY (1963-1973) By James Ritchie
Thursday, February 02, 2023
Members of the Sarawak People's Guerilla Force (SPGF), North Kalimantan National Army (NKNA) and Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) taking photograph together marking the close relations between them during Indonesia under the rule of Sukarno.

Two Sarawakians were the “key” figures who founded the Sarawak communist movement— Wen Min Chuan and Bong Kee Chok.

1962 June 27-The communists formed the Sarawak farmers association as the colonial police arrested and Bong who were deported to China.

1963 August 2. Wen and Bong return to Pontianak and are warmly welcomed Indonesia’s General Harris Nasution

1964 August 18--After receiving combat training in Jakarta they return to Kalimantan to form the North Kalimantan National Liberation League (NKNLL) to unite all racial groups for a communist-controlled “North Kalimantan People’s Republic” (NKPR). However, on December 28, the NKNLL was declared illegal by the Indonesian government.

“The NKNLL came into existence shortly before the Malayan National Liberation League (MLLL) mission arrived in Jakarta; and almost coincided with the formation of the Malayan Patriotic Front (MPF) and the Thai Patriotic Front (TPF). All this, together with a marked resurgence of the South Vietnam National Liberation Front (SVNLF), represents regional communist strategy in South East Asia. The destructive hand of Peking is thus clearly illustrated.” (White Paper: The Communist Threat to Sarawak, 1966).

September—First groups of guerillas infiltrate into Lundu and recruit scores of new cadres who go to Batu Hitam for training.

1965: June 27— Indonesia’s RPKAD attack Siburan police station killing Sgt Simon Ningkan, the brother of the Chief Minister Stephan Kalong Ningkan. The government launches “Operation Hammer” where three Chinese areas—Siburan, Beratok and Tapah are fenced up.

September 17-18—A landmark SCO meeting is held in Pontianak to form the North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP). Chaired by Wen Ming Chuan and attended by 11 other founding members namely Bong Kee Chok. Among the resolutions discussed was the formation the North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP).

September 30—A group supporting the PKI assassinate six Indonesian Army Generals and throw their bodies into an unused well at Lubang Buaya in Jakarta. The coup is overthrown by General Suharto who leads a campaign against the communists. As such the plan to register the NKCP is called off. The TNI now take action against the PKI and Sarawak Communists stationed in West Kalimantan.

October 26--SCO forms two armed units--Pasokan Rakyat Kalimantan Utara (PARAKU) under Bong Kee Chok and Pasokan Gerilya Rakyat Sarawak (PGRS). PARAKU 260 CTs operating in the Martinus complex, Senaning-Kantu complex and Bukit Bangkit-Senaning-Lubok Antu complex opposite the Second Division.

1966: June 27-July 9—An emergency meeting of the Afro-Asian Writers held in Peking passed a resolution on “North Kalimantan” (Sarawak) reflecting the interest of the Peking bloc. It stated that the line of struggle for the liberation of North Kalimantan “was to take up arms and fight resolutely until Malaysia is completely crushed.”

August 11--A peace deal in Bangkok is drawn up between Indonesia and Malaysia ending the Confrontation.. Following the Bangkok talks the government issued “surrender terms”.

September 17: Sarawak government publishes a White Paper outlining the threat by the SCO called “The Communist Threat to Sarawak”.

1967: July 15—Sarawak communists team up with PKI Commander Sofyan to attack the airport at Sanggau Ledo in Kalimantan Barat. They kill four soldiers, seize more than 100 weapons, half of which are semi-automatic rifles, several mortars and 20 boxes of ammo.

October—Indonesian army combine with Dayaks in West Kalimantan who launch a “Mangkok Merah” war against the communists, namely the PGRS who have been blamed for the torture and killing of several Dayak chiefs. Thousands of Chinese are forced to flee from Sanggau Ledo, Bengkayang and the border areas to the coastal towns of Singkawang and Pontianak.

1968: July 5—The first batch of CTs leave Kalimantan and head for for Telok Sabang in the Nonok (Asajaya) Bong Kee Chok takes refuge in the Martinus complex

1969: May 26—Two leading CTs are killed by Indonesian TNI and natives who behead the duo. Their heads are preserved in jars and exhibited in Pontianak.

July--Bong Hong, Kee Chok’s brother, leads of a group of 80 CTs to Telok Sabang.

1970: March 30—The NKCP is officially formed. Its manifesto was written by Bong Kee Chok. He names Wen Min Chuan, himself and Lim Ho Kui as NKCP’s top three leaders.

1971: March 6—Security Forces kill seven CTs at Gunung Gading at Lundu

March 8—Security forces launch the second largest operation codenames “Hentam” at Muara Tebas

May 17—Security Forces shot dead two CTs and captured another who were climbing the fence around St Elizabeth’s catholic school in Sibu. Immediately after this the NKCP sent a “death warrant” (a letter written in Chinese) to the Principal of the School Sister C. Cecily who consulted her superiors the following day. As the CTs had also booby trapped the schools entrance on several occasions, the Mother General decided to withdraw all Order of St Francis expatriate Sisters from Sarawak.

September 19—NKCP is formally recognised by its members to commemorate September 19, 1965 the day when NKCP was initially formed in Pontianak.

It’s a bad year for the police as several of their members killed. They included Inspector Harmon Wong who was assassinated in front of his house in Sibu by a gunman and his accomplice on a motor-cycle. The assassin is killed after being shot dead by an army Lieutenant Fabian Wong who witnessed the killing.

1972: March 28—CTs ambush and kill 15 members of the Malaysian Rangers, along the Biawak-Lundu road. July 21—Bong Kee Chok moves his men from Senaning (just across the border from Lachau and Pantu towns) to Balai Ringin along the Kuching-Simanggang Road.

1973: September—The SB trace a Bong’s group of CTs operating in the Balai Ringin area. Bong and the group of about 30 attempt to flee from the security forces in three separate directions. The largest group of more than 20 is led by Bong, the second has five-members and the third comprises Bong’s special assistants Fam Nam Siong and his wife Bong Sai Ying.

Pursued George Medalist ASP Menggong anak Pangit and the Sarawak PFF he is cornered. Fam Kuok Chiang and his wife Bong Sai Ying (Lim Fei) reach Engklili where they surrender. The third group is cornered and all its members eliminated.

Under pressure, Bong sends two CTs Ah Kwong and his youngest brother Bong Kee Khian—to make contact with the government.

October 12--Inspector Nyomek Nyeap and a police detective detain one of Bong’s messengers on a bus at Pantu and he is interrogated. At about 1 p.m. the police set up another road block and detain the second messenger. SB head DCP Alli Kawi is told that Bong would like to meet the Chief Minister to discuss the possibility of a MOU.

October 16—Bong Kee Khian and Ah Kwang are the first two NKCP members to agree to lay down their arms.

October 19: Bong Kee Chok, his brother Kee Lim visit Simanggang rest house called the “Residency” for talks. Kee Lim is a political in the Chief Minister’s office.

Later in the evening they meet the Chief Minister face-to-face for the first time and informal discussions begin.

October 21: Signing of the MOU between Bong and the Chief Minister. Following this others from the 2nd Bureau start coming out of the jungle.

October 26—Hung Chu Ting meets with his 2nd Burear cadres and criticize the proposed MOU.

November 20—Chong meets Hung who reluctantly agrees to return to society and to “pursue the struggle by constitutional means”.

December—Lim writes a letter to the Chief Minister and is told that the government will not renege on its MOU and guarantees the safety of all returnees. However the NKCP agree to leave some of their hard-core guerrillas behind in the jungle, just in case.

1974: March 27—Lim Ho Kwai, his wife Sia Yen Soo and a bodyguard eventually emerge from the jungle after agreeing to the Sri Aman terms.

May 31—The last batch of CTs finally emerge from the jungle leaving about 185 CT remnants to carry on with the armed struggle.

posted by Major D Swami (Retired) @ 3:50 PM  
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